Explore the evolution of the Great Wall of China across dynasties, where emperors justified rule through the divine Mandate of Heaven.
221–206 BCE
206 BCE – 220 CE
1368–1644 CE
Stylized representation of Great Wall expansion zones
The Mandate of Heaven was the philosophical foundation of imperial rule in China. Dynasties justified the construction and expansion of the Great Wall as divine duty. When stability failed, the mandate was believed to shift to a new ruler.
1. Which dynasty first unified the Great Wall?
2. Which dynasty expanded defenses to protect Silk Road trade?
3. Which dynasty built the wall's famous stone fortifications?